We explored Topographic effects over Asian monsoon region.

• We indicated substantial effects of mesoscale mountains on large-scale seasonal characteristics;

• We demonstrated remote controls of the seasonal Meiyu–Baiu evolution, including the contribution of the Himalayas and the Far East-Okhotsk region;

• We learned that the obliquity contribution to the monsoon changes might be crippled because of the existence of the Tibetan Plateau and Maritime Continent;

• We considered the Tibetan Plateau mechanical effect on 'northerly' as a driving factor of East Asian summer monsoon—a complementary thought to the southerly mechanical effect;

• We indicated inevitable drawbacks when the Asian monsoon is simulated at a horizontal resolution that is too low to resolve topographic effects and sub-grid processes.

Paleo-monsoon evolution in response to orbital changes | How to determine seasonal dynamics and the extent to which Milankovitch timescales (eccentricity, precession, and obliquity) may be dominant remain debated, despite evidence from multiple paleoclimate proxy records and numerical modeling firmly establishing monsoon changes on orbital scales. We aided in understanding these two bottlenecks by conducting a series of data-model synthesis studies:

• Over Afro–Asia–Pacific region, the contribution of obliquity in late summer (with tropical/oceanic origin) can be comparable to the inland/highland origin of precessional control. Some obliquity-driven changes weaken and even disappear when greenhouse gases concentrations increase.

• With a superimposed effect of precession, the eccentricity-induced "dry-gets-wetter" condition could be related to the Green Sahara. Over the western Pacific, the tropical response to eccentricity may have been competitive in terms of what an extremely high obliquity could have caused.

• We observed the coevolution of Holocene Afro–Asian summer monsoons and proposed an orbitally-related mechanism for the abrupt change in the middle Holocene; the mechanism adequately interprets the seasonal evolution of continental and maritime paleo-monsoons.

• We explored how precession affects the transitional seasons of boreal spring and autumn. Strong precessional influence on Earth's glacial–interglacial cycles may lead to a quasi-stationarity of the oceanic monsoon.

Decadal change and predictability:

• We investigated the South Asian high decadal changes and provided atypical insight into a growing midlatitude influence on the early Asian summer monsoon in the mid-1990s; in this regard, the continental thermal control, which was previously thought to be the primary driver of summer monsoons is comparable.

• With a focus on decadal changes in global dry–wet patterns in seasons, we figured out why the mid-1990s changes happened so rapidly in winter and late spring. We investigated how much the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) influenced historical macro weathers in East Asia, as a precursor or forcing on decadal changes. We considered AMO-related changes as a function of any driver, regardless of the cause. The dynamical links between the AMO and winter cold surges (and summer typhoons) climate distribution were investigated.timescales.