Geoscientists are trained to use the present as a key to realize the past; however, they also believe the past is a key to predict the future. Speleothems are known as one of the best archives of paleoclimate, which have...

Atmospheric convection is one of the most important part of climate systems. Ranging from a few kilometers to tropospheric top, atmospheric convection is manifested by cumulus clouds with significant vertical extension c...