The spatial and temporal changes in shorelines were among the most significant observations in coastal area monitoring (Bamdadinejad, et al., 2021). One environmental factor that may induce rapid changes in shorelines was the sea-level rise caused by climate change (Adebisi, et al., 2021). This research focused on the impact of rising sea levels on the Eastern Taiwanese shoreline.

Multi-spectrum satellite images (SPOT) were analyzed with the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Green-Red Vegetation Index (GRVI), and another self-defined index to identify the water and land (Abedelhady, et al., 2022). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used afterwards to improve image pixel classification. Finally, by way of a simple statistical approach, the study concludes that there was minimal change in the eastern coastal area of Taiwan and the status of the shoreline remained relatively stable between the years 2016 and 2021.

Satellite image, shoreline, SPOT, classification, extraction, sea level rise

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This study investigates the association between the Taiwan summer temperature (TST) and the Pacific meridional Mode (PMM), an anomalous north-south sea surface temperature gradient over the northeastern subtropical Pacific, during 1960-2018. It’s found that when the PMM was in the positive state, the summer temperature in Taiwan significantly increased. And the reverse happened during its negative phase. When the ENSO signal was removed, the correlation between the two was higher. During the PMM positive phase, Taiwan and the adjacent area became hotter and drier.

the PMM、EOF analyze、summer temperature

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